Why I Didn t Jews Leave Germany Sooner - 949 Words

â€Å"Why didn’t Jews leave Germany sooner?† â€Å"Why did they not resist their deportation to the death camps more forcefully?† – Questions of this nature have been asked continuously throughout the last five decades. Hindsight can give the impression that the encounter between Jews and the Third Reich during the Holocaust had to unfold as it eventually did, prompting the question of why Jews failed to see the proverbial writing on the wall. However, if historians have found it troubling to determine precisely how the Nazi Regime planned to deal with German Jews at any given moment between 1933 and 1941, how much more challenging must it have been for the Jewish men and women living within Nazi Germany to do so at the time.[1] Those who inquire as to how German Jews could have missed the writing on the wall make their first fatal mistake when they assume there was writing left to be read. The reality is that Nazi Germany was as perplexing to Jews at the time as it still is to us today.[2] A detailed answer to the subject in question is available in the history of Jewish life before 1938. The earlier years of Nazi Germany are crucial for understanding Jewish responses to Nazism because these years shed light on the incremental nature of Nazi persecution. However, the daily lives of Jews before the November Pogrom of 1938 are often eclipsed by the later, horrific years of genocide. The following pages will push past the focus on the history of the Holocaust and offer a closeShow MoreRelatedDollar to Fall as World Currency12311 Words   |  50 PagesWARNING: What you are about to see is controversial, and may be offensive to some audiences. Viewer discretion is advised. Hello. My name is Porter Stansberry. A little over ten years ago I founded Stansberry Associates Investment Research. It has become one of the largest and most recognized investment research companies in the world, serving hundreds of thousands of subscribers in more than 120 countries. You may know of our firm because of the work we did over the last severalRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesindex. ISBN 978-0-13-612100-8 1. Management—-Study and teaching. 2. Management—Problems, exercises, etc. Kim S. II. Title. HD30.4.W46 2011 658.40071 173—dc22 I. Cameron, 2009040522 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 ISBN 10: 0-13-612100-4 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-612100-8 B R I E F TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S Preface xvii Introduction 1 PART I 1 2 3 PERSONAL SKILLS 44 Developing Self-Awareness 45 Managing Personal Stress 105 Solving Problems Analytically and Creatively 167 PART II 4

Why I Didn t Jews Leave Germany Sooner - 949 Words

â€Å"Why didn’t Jews leave Germany sooner?† â€Å"Why did they not resist their deportation to the death camps more forcefully?† – Questions of this nature have been asked continuously throughout the last five decades. Hindsight can give the impression that the encounter between Jews and the Third Reich during the Holocaust had to unfold as it eventually did, prompting the question of why Jews failed to see the proverbial writing on the wall. However, if historians have found it troubling to determine precisely how the Nazi Regime planned to deal with German Jews at any given moment between 1933 and 1941, how much more challenging must it have been for the Jewish men and women living within Nazi Germany to do so at the time.[1] Those who inquire as to how German Jews could have missed the writing on the wall make their first fatal mistake when they assume there was writing left to be read. The reality is that Nazi Germany was as perplexing to Jews at the time as it still is to us today.[2] A detailed answer to the subject in question is available in the history of Jewish life before 1938. The earlier years of Nazi Germany are crucial for understanding Jewish responses to Nazism because these years shed light on the incremental nature of Nazi persecution. However, the daily lives of Jews before the November Pogrom of 1938 are often eclipsed by the later, horrific years of genocide. The following pages will push past the focus on the history of the Holocaust and offer a closeShow MoreRelatedDollar to Fall as World Currency12311 Words   |  50 PagesWARNING: What you are about to see is controversial, and may be offensive to some audiences. Viewer discretion is advised. Hello. My name is Porter Stansberry. A little over ten years ago I founded Stansberry Associates Investment Research. It has become one of the largest and most recognized investment research companies in the world, serving hundreds of thousands of subscribers in more than 120 countries. You may know of our firm because of the work we did over the last severalRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesindex. ISBN 978-0-13-612100-8 1. Management—-Study and teaching. 2. Management—Problems, exercises, etc. Kim S. II. Title. HD30.4.W46 2011 658.40071 173—dc22 I. Cameron, 2009040522 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 ISBN 10: 0-13-612100-4 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-612100-8 B R I E F TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S Preface xvii Introduction 1 PART I 1 2 3 PERSONAL SKILLS 44 Developing Self-Awareness 45 Managing Personal Stress 105 Solving Problems Analytically and Creatively 167 PART II 4

Why I Didn t Jews Leave Germany Sooner - 949 Words

â€Å"Why didn’t Jews leave Germany sooner?† â€Å"Why did they not resist their deportation to the death camps more forcefully?† – Questions of this nature have been asked continuously throughout the last five decades. Hindsight can give the impression that the encounter between Jews and the Third Reich during the Holocaust had to unfold as it eventually did, prompting the question of why Jews failed to see the proverbial writing on the wall. However, if historians have found it troubling to determine precisely how the Nazi Regime planned to deal with German Jews at any given moment between 1933 and 1941, how much more challenging must it have been for the Jewish men and women living within Nazi Germany to do so at the time.[1] Those who inquire as to how German Jews could have missed the writing on the wall make their first fatal mistake when they assume there was writing left to be read. The reality is that Nazi Germany was as perplexing to Jews at the time as it still is to us today.[2] A detailed answer to the subject in question is available in the history of Jewish life before 1938. The earlier years of Nazi Germany are crucial for understanding Jewish responses to Nazism because these years shed light on the incremental nature of Nazi persecution. However, the daily lives of Jews before the November Pogrom of 1938 are often eclipsed by the later, horrific years of genocide. The following pages will push past the focus on the history of the Holocaust and offer a closeShow MoreRelatedDollar to Fall as World Currency12311 Words   |  50 PagesWARNING: What you are about to see is controversial, and may be offensive to some audiences. Viewer discretion is advised. Hello. My name is Porter Stansberry. A little over ten years ago I founded Stansberry Associates Investment Research. It has become one of the largest and most recognized investment research companies in the world, serving hundreds of thousands of subscribers in more than 120 countries. You may know of our firm because of the work we did over the last severalRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesindex. ISBN 978-0-13-612100-8 1. Management—-Study and teaching. 2. Management—Problems, exercises, etc. Kim S. II. Title. HD30.4.W46 2011 658.40071 173—dc22 I. Cameron, 2009040522 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 ISBN 10: 0-13-612100-4 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-612100-8 B R I E F TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S Preface xvii Introduction 1 PART I 1 2 3 PERSONAL SKILLS 44 Developing Self-Awareness 45 Managing Personal Stress 105 Solving Problems Analytically and Creatively 167 PART II 4

Un-Answered Issues With Maryland Bar Exam Essay Samples Uncovered

Un-Answered Issues With Maryland Bar Exam Essay Samples Uncovered Most Noticeable Maryland Bar Exam Essay Samples The very best thing is you are able to just press the Start Again button, which will delete your prior attempt so that you can practice again from the very start. When you plan your essay and jot down the points you're likely to go over in your draft, you are going to have lot of points to discuss. In case the question orders you to ignore something, ignore it! Just be sure you get information you have to have in writing so you won't have much a difficult time getting started. Prometric centers play a significant part in providing continuous practice to the certified nursing assistants, so they become familiar with the environment of the last exams. It's therefore extremely important that you've got the appropriate study guides to perform a prosperous revision program. To learn more about the best alternatives for study abroad and coaching centers in Hyderabad to find the very best training for PTE Academic examination get in contact with Global Tree. Thus, the test takers ought to be in a position to experience any sorts of evaluation that are most likely to be run by the team present at the institute. Each paper is going to have a period of time of 2 hours. All written events have to be printed single-sided. The quizzes may also be completed online that is a remarkable feature. A proper understanding of the format makes it possible to crack the competition better. If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Maryland Bar Exam Essay Samples With that, you should make sure the stream of your essay is smooth and logical. Essay exams are a practical tool for finding out if you're able to sort through a massive body of information, figure out what's critical, and explain the reason it's vital. An essay has to be composed of an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. You must compose a reflective essay that is simple to compr ehend and you can do it by utilizing simple language. Maryland Bar Exam Essay Samples for Dummies There's numerous essays completed by them. That means you can brush up on your favourite topics. Keep in mind, all type of activities you're speaking about in the essay must be associated with the scholarship program. If you've got to write more than 1 essay, always indicate the quantity of the essay so it's clear which question you're answering. Thus, it's your responsibility to only take half an hour per essay and keep moving. For the very first part, you will always be requested to compose an essay, as it's the sole option provided. The most significant thing is that you justify whatever you say in your essay. It's OK to return to a former essay to fill in some important point you simply considered. Pass Rates As the UBE has not yet been administered in Maryland, there is not any pass rate published for the present bar exam in Maryland. There are a lot of ways that help pass the exam. When you're finished, mark the exam honestly, this will offer you a good idea in regards to what areas you're confident in and what areas need more study. The entire practice exam is prepared according to the most recent pattern of the true exam. If you have a tendency to go blank during exams, consider studying in the exact same classroom where the test is going to be given. It is not sufficient to have an excellent strategy for answering exam questions. Preparation information can be found at the hyperlink. If you're curious, we've got information on the subject of the exam itself and what things to anticipate. The essay cannot be written according to standard essay scheme due to the reason that the thesis statements and conclusions are blurry. You're encouraged to review Maryland Rule 19-203 which explains the way the character review procedure works. Conclusion should clearly state your urge to study at a specific university. Please contact Professor Bordelon if you would love to produce an appointment. Our nationally renowned bar review course has a couple of features we'd love to have a moment to brag about. The pass rate is 60% so that you need to receive a minimum of 30 questions right merely to pass. In a ny case, attempt to keep in mind that the bar isn't a referendum on your intelligence. To receive free law school and bar exam hints and tricks and unique offers (like great deals!) The Importance of Maryland Bar Exam Essay Samples Past bar questions are a fantastic approach to assemble fact patterns for practice. There's no point memorising substantial swathes of content in wonderful detail since the question will just wind up asking for a certain section of the syllabus. If you sit down and maybe spend merely a little time planning out what you'd write if a specific dot-point was asked for in the essay, you'll have basically covered all of your bases and ensured you're able to effectively answer any question. It can be unbelievably tempting to devote additional time on a question.

Review Of Australian Economics And Finance - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Review OfAustralianEconomics And Finance. Answer: Introduction: Over the past few decades, the economy of Australia has witnessed several fluctuations in its dollar rate. The changes in the rate of dollar cause changes in the prices of local and foreign products and services, which further leads to changes in inflation rate and interest rates. The changes in the exchange rate affect the industries, which are dependent upon the exchange rates and results in the expansion of few industries while the contraction of the others. The Australian dollar plays a vital role in the economic and financial system of the country. The exporters, importers, domestic investors, and the foreign investors are highly affected by the fluctuations in the price of the Australian dollar (Cavoli and Rajan 2014). Background: The level of demand for a currency determines its market price. When there are more buyers of Australian dollar, its value shall go up whereas; when there are more people wanting to sell Australian dollar, its value shall go down. The buying and selling decision of the individuals are affected by their outlook for global growth, difference between interest rates in Australia and US, performance of the Asian currencies and the changes in the commodity export prices in Australia (Ferraro, Rogoff and Rossi 2015). The following are the key findings: The rate of exchange directly affects the economy of a country through the changes in the demand for import and exports. Fall in the value of domestic currency results in more competitive exports in the international market while rise in the value of domestic currency results in more competitive imports domestically. Fall in the value of domestic currency makes the goods and services produced within the country cheaper than the foreign production, which provides greater benefits to the industries having high export share. In Australia, the mining, transport and the manufacturing industries hold the maximum export share whereas; the construction, education, health and business services industries are the least exposed to exports. Fall in the value of Australian dollar increases the cost of goods and services imported from other countries, which in turn raises the overall costs (Apergis 2014). The difference in the interest rates of the Reserve Bank of Australia and the Federal Reserve affects the value of Australian dollar and US dollar. The value of Australian dollar is highly dependent upon the commodity prices as Australia is the largest exporter of coal and iron ore. Figure 1: Relation between AUD and USD (Source: Bussire, Delle Chiaie and Peltonen 2014) Aim: The aim of the research is to analyze the economic, social and business issues related with the fluctuation in the Australian dollar. The research aims at finding the trends of Australian dollar in the past three years and its social and economic impact on Australia. Groups affected by dollar movement: The people mainly affected by the movement in the dollar are the importers, exporters, manufacturers and the mining industry. The movement in the Australian dollar highly affects the number of imports and exports. For instance, when the value of Australian dollar falls, the goods and services available within the country becomes cheaper, this results in the reduction the number of exports and also boosts the domestic industries. On the other hand, when the value of Australian dollar rises, importing the foreign products and services becomes cheaper; this increases the number of imports (Lustig, Roussanov and Verdelhan 2014). Issues affecting businesses that are impacted by the dollar movement: The major issues affecting mining industry in Australia due to movement in dollar is the change in the demand for coal and iron ore. Since Australia is the largest exporter of coal and iron ore in the world, the changes in the valuation of Australian dollar with respect to US dollar largely affects the exporters. Rise in the value of domestic currency makes the goods and services produced within the country costlier than the foreign production, which provides greater losses to the industries having high export share (Ilzetzki, Reinhart and Rogoff 2017). The mining industry has the largest export share in Australia therefore; it faces severe issues when there is any movement in the Australian dollar. Another industry that faces issues due to the movement of Australian dollar is the manufacturing industry. The manufacturers of export items are highly affected by the changes in the value of Australian dollar. This is because when the Australian dollar becomes stronger, the demand for the export items falls as a result of higher prices. The foreign countries have to spend more money to buy the exported items and many a times they find suppliers of the same products in some other country where the products are available at cheaper rates. Therefore, the rise in the Australian dollar renders manufacturers as the ultimate losers. However, despite the depreciation in the Australian dollar, the volumes of manufactured exports have been stable since the year 2012 (Reboredo and Rivera-Castro 2014). The Australian manufacturers have been facing intense competition from the industrial development in the lower- cost nations especially China. Several manufacturers have also faced issues with th eir capacity to change production as a result of the delays in their supply chain. Symptoms of the businesses: In case of the mining industry, the movement in the Australian dollar largely affects the export quantity and export prices of the coal and iron ores. The economy of the country is highly dependent upon the export of coal and iron ores (Haque, Topal and Lilford 2015). Any disturbances in the value of Australian dollar shall have huge social and economical impact on the country. A large number of people are involved in the mining industry and any loss in this industry shall affect the workers to a large extent. Similarly, in case of manufacturing concerns, a large number of manufacturers are dependent upon exports for generating their revenues. Any change in the value of Australian dollar affects their business and the amount of revenue generated (Di Iorio and Faff 2015). When the Australian dollar becomes stronger, the demand for the export items falls as a result of higher prices. This lowers the demand for exports and creates trade imbalances. Severe conditions might compel the man ufacturing concerns to shut their operation. This shall affect the lives of the people employed in those units and shall adversely affect the GDP of the country. This shall not only harm the economy of the country but shall also affect the society on a whole (Shu, He and Cheng 2015). Decision statement: The movement of Australian dollar shall affect all the industries to some extent and shall ultimately affect the exports and imports of the country, which shall ultimately have social and economic impacts on the country. Research objectives: The following are the research objectives: To analyze the impact of the movement of Australian dollar on the mining industry in Australia To analyze the impact of the movement of Australian dollar on the manufacturing businesses in Australia. To evaluate the impact of mining and manufacturing businesses on the economy of Australia due to the movement in Australian dollar To understand social and economic impacts of these businesses in Australia. Hypothesis: H0: There is no impact of movement of Australian dollar on industries in Australia H1: The movement in the Australian dollar affects the mining industry in Australia H2: The movement in the Australian dollar affects the export related manufacturing concerns in Australia Research questions: The following are the research questions: What is the impact of the movement of Australian dollar on the mining industry in Australia? What is the impact of the movement of Australian dollar on the manufacturing businesses in Australia? What is the impact of mining and manufacturing businesses on the economy of Australia due to the movement in Australian dollar? What are the social and economic impacts of these businesses in Australia? Ethical issues: It is mandatory to keep into consideration the ethical issues while conducting a research. It verifies the authenticity of the research and ensures that the research contains genuine information. In this research study, the data has been collected from secondary sources such as newspaper, articles, books and authentic websites. The data has been collected to be used only for commercial purpose. The information has been kept confidential and appropriate referencing has been provided to make the research study look more reliable and genuine (Manalo, Perera and Rees 2015). Recommended research for the businesses: The businesses must research about the currency movements of the competing countries so that they can identify the level of competitiveness and devise suitable strategies for remaining ahead of the competitors. The companies must also study the movement of Australian dollar in the past ten years and the impact it had on their business or similar businesses and the manner in which the other businesses faced the situation. This shall help them to identify the possible strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the external environment (Downes, Hanslow and Tulip 2014). Conclusion: In this research study, the impacts of exchange rates have been analyzed and the industries that are highly affected by these changes have been identified. The movement of Australian dollar is an important determinant of the exports and imports taking place in Australia. Several reports have stated that 10% of depreciation in the value of Australian dollar results in the overall increase of exports by 3% and overall decrease in the imports by 4% (Garnaut, Baxter and Frueger 2017). This has the capability of increasing the GDP of the country by 1.5% over two years while maintaining the trade shares at present levels. The rate of exchange directly affects the economy of a country through the changes in the demand for import and exports. Fall in the value of domestic currency results in more competitive exports in the international market while rise in the value of domestic currency results in more competitive imports domestically. Fall in the value of domestic currency makes the goods and services produced within the country cheaper than the foreign production, which provides greater benefits to the industries having high export share (Moosa 2016). Manufacturers have been the most responsive to the changes in the value of Australian dollar however; their empirical relationships have weakened lately. The mining industry and the manufacturing concerns are the most affected with the movement in the Australian dollar. The strength of the Australian dollar depicts the weakness of US dollar and it also represents the level of commodity prices in Australia. Strong Australian dollar is a result of high interest rates and the preparedness of global investors to take on risk in order to enhance returns in a very low-interest rate environment. A stronger Australian dollar means that the products and services priced in the domestic currency are costlier when converted into US currency, which refrains the importers in the foreign countries to import products from Australia. T his compels the Australian exporters to cut their prices. This results in narrower profit margins and even losses in some cases (Coudert, Couharde and Mignon 2015). References: Apergis, N., 2014. Can gold prices forecast the Australian dollar movements?.International Review of Economics Finance,29, pp.75-82. Bussire, M., Delle Chiaie, S. and Peltonen, T.A., 2014. Exchange rate pass-through in the global economy: the role of emerging market economies.IMF Economic Review,62(1), pp.146-178. Cavoli, T. and Rajan, R.S., 2014.Intervention and Exchange Rate Regime Choice in Asia: Does the US Dollar Still Matter?(Doctoral dissertation, World Scientific Publishing). Coudert, V., Couharde, C. and Mignon, V., 2015. On the impact of volatility on the real exchange rateterms of trade nexus: Revisiting commodity currencies.Journal of International Money and Finance,58, pp.110-127. Di Iorio, A. and Faff, R.W., 2015. The effect of intervaling on the foreign exchange exposure of Australian stock returns. Downes, P.M., Hanslow, K. and Tulip, P., 2014. The effect of the mining boom on the Australian economy. Ferraro, D., Rogoff, K. and Rossi, B., 2015. Can oil prices forecast exchange rates? An empirical analysis of the relationship between commodity prices and exchange rates.Journal of International Money and Finance,54, pp.116-141. Garnaut, R., Baxter, P. and Frueger, A.O., 2017.Exchange rate and macro-economic policy in independent Papua New Guinea. Canberra, ACT: Development Studies Centre, Research School of Pacfic Studies, The Australian National University.. Haque, M.A., Topal, E. and Lilford, E., 2015. Relationship between the gold price and the Australian dollar-US dollar exchange rate.Mineral Economics,28(1-2), pp.65-78. Ilzetzki, E., Reinhart, C.M. and Rogoff, K.S., 2017.Exchange Arrangements Entering the 21st Century: Which Anchor Will Hold?(No. w23134). National Bureau of Economic Research. Lustig, H., Roussanov, N. and Verdelhan, A., 2014. Countercyclical currency risk premia.Journal of Financial Economics,111(3), pp.527-553. Manalo, J., Perera, D. and Rees, D.M., 2015. Exchange rate movements and the Australian economy.Economic Modelling,47, pp.53-62. Moosa, I., 2016.Exchange rate forecasting: techniques and applications. Springer. Reboredo, J.C. and Rivera-Castro, M.A., 2014. Can gold hedge and preserve value when the US dollar depreciates?.Economic Modelling,39, pp.168-173. Shu, C., He, D. and Cheng, X., 2015. One currency, two markets: the renminbi's growing influence in Asia-Pacific.China Economic Review,33, pp.163-178.

Role of Students in Ani-Corruption of Society free essay sample

Our Indian poet Bharathi has told clearly the role of young students in our Indian society and about their patriotism and social service. In our life student phase is very difficult to get back. So at this this stage of life students must not waste their precious time and they must involve in social activities. Students must join in many organizations such as Blue cross society. They must have helping tendency and must be patriotic and must try their level best to bring up our country. Students must be mainly Disciplined in all aspects. Discipline is greater than anyother thing in life. It makes our life cherished with all good moments filled up in it. Our ancient poet Thiruvalluvar has told a lot about Discipline. To quote few examples: *King Harichandra maintained his Honest policy of not lying till the end of his life. For maintaining this disciplined policy he even renounced his luxury life and his family. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Students in Ani-Corruption of Society or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page *The great lord Rama respected his Father’s word and abondened his life as a king and went to the forest for fourteen years. *Jesus even during his crucifixtion prayed god that his enemies must survive. We must not forget the discipline followed by these great men after finishing our examination. We must follow the disciplined policies of these great men in our day to day life. So it is very important for us to follow this kind of a good discipline in order to achieve something in our life. When these great men follow discipline why shouldn’t we? The role of student in a society entails various things. Firstly, to concentrate on studies so that they develop into well-educated individuals that make significant contributions to the society in the future. Secondly, to pass on whatever knowledge they have to others. This can take on many forms ranging from helping your siblings to creating awareness about environmental issues such as global warming. Thirdly, to act as responsible adolescents. This means to steer clear of any unlawful activities. It also involves not damaging the society and avoiding acts of vandalism. Students should try and refrain themselves from all such activities for their benefit as well as the societys. Fourthly, to do what they can to protect their environment and society. Students should avoid littering places and should try to invest a few hours into community services if possible. Students should also behave respectfully to the elders of the society and take care of their needs i. e. help an elder to cross a road; stand up and make space for an elder to sit if there is none. Read more: http://wiki. answers. com/Q/What_is_the_role_of_student_in_the_society#ixzz1UoC7BOVm ROLE OF Â  STUDENTS IN FREE INDIA The students must actively participate in the economic development of the country. The ‘Green Revolution’ if taken up by the students can work miracles. Even in the towns students can do much. They can. for instance, fight against ticketless travelling in trains and buses, fight against smuggling, illicit distillation of liquor, and indeed can contribute a great a deal towards social reforms. ORIENTATION STUDENT: Students must be given military training. It shall keep them fit and strong to defend the country against aggression. Military training is essential for it imparts a sense of discipline which otherwise is also essential in life. Moreover, the youth of the nation must not only be able to resist an attack but also strike a blow when the honour of the nation is trampled upon. The sense of patriotism and love for the country must be inculcated in the students. The glamorous attraction for western countries and civilisation must be firmly discouraged. If it is a necessity to make education practically useful, then it is also necessary to keep the students away from politics. The students should have nothing to do with active politics and politicians. The academic peace and the sanctity of the temples of learning must not be polluted by politicians. The students on their part must also give up hooligism, violence and lawlessness. The criminal acts of burning buses’ and damaging public property must stop immediately. They must listen to reason and even if they have complaint, grievances and dissatisfaction, they must adopt peaceful ways of expressing them. A love for virtue, righteousness and a sense of self-respect and personal dignity must be inculcated in the student. Moral and intellectual frustration must be removed. A sweet accord between the teacher and the taught must be established. Love for extra-curricular activities, debates, dramatics and cultural activities must be restored. Education must provide substantial activities and sufficient amenities to occupy the students. The main problem with the students is that they do not have enough incentive and definiteness of purpose, otherwise there is nothing wrong fundamentally with them.

Gangster films as a genre essays

Gangster films as a genre essays For this exercise, I have opted to take an in depth look at a particular genre, this genre being gangster films. In order to see how a film from this genre fits into the category of gangster I have also opted to study a film called The Untouchables. By doing this I will be able to look at characteristics that have put this film in the gangster genre and characteristics that do not belong so much to the said genre. Firstly, when we think of gangster films we think of hard-hitting crime dramas. This is most often true, but as with all genres, there are always anomalies. For example, the film Bugsy Malone, has all the stereotypical features of a gangster film but is in fact a comedic musical. The same goes for the film I have chosen to study. Although it is considered a gangster film it also falls under the sub-genre of Action. We also tend to think of gangster films in a certain era, this usually being the 1920s 1950s. This tends to be true, as this was the pinnacle of the gangster period and organised crime in general. There then seemed to be a hiatus in criminal activity between the 1950s and late 1970s, when a new wave of law-breaking began in the casinos of Los Angeles and Miami, another stereotypical setting for the gangster movement. There has yet to be made, a gangster film that is set outside of the twentieth century. There is also a trend that is vital to the setting of gangster films. Most, if not all gangster films happen in the hustle and bustle of the city or at least suburbia. There is a reason for this. Gangster films are extremely family orientated. The mob or mafia, is actually considered a family by the people who belong to it. The mafia, for example has a godfather that acts as the leader, who receives unconditional respect. Family is often pivotal to the gangster storyline. If a gangster wanted to wreak vindication (if that is possi...

Nanao Sakaki Profile of the poet Nanao Sakaki

Nanao Sakaki Profile of the poet Nanao Sakaki Nanao Sakaki grew up in Japan, came to adulthood as a drafted radarman in the Japanese Army during World War II, and after the war became known as a poet and friend to American poets, a wilderness walker, environmentalist and counterculture leader, founder of the Tribe and Banyan Ashram.The following is excerpted from our correspondent Taylor Mignon’s 2002 portrait of Sakaki written for the About Poetry Museletter: Yaponesian Global Guerrilla Poet Nanao Sakaki: If you have time to chatterRead booksIf you have time to readWalk into mountain, desert and oceanIf you have time to walkSing Songs and danceIf you have time to danceSit quietly, you Happy Lucky Idiot I first met Nanao Sakaki in 1993 at the Kyoto Connection, an eclectic event of the arts headed by Ken Rogers, managing editor of Kyoto Journal. At that time I was editing the bilingual literary journal, The Plaza, and I asked him if he could send work. Though he never sent anything - it could be difficult to pin him down sometimes as he’s such an inveterate wanderer - I’d often go to his reading events. Renaissance Wild Man: Nanao, a walking collective call of the wild man, commune cofounder, scholar of languages and aboriginal culture and tribal traditions, troubadour to hang out with, lover of ’shrooms and the herbs, movement maker, The Tribes, homeless (except for the cabin in Shizuoka), green guru guy, activist, translator of haiku, mantra sutra rapper using the 5/7/5 syllabic meter.... Nanao is also better known in the US than in his home Yaponesia. My poet friend Kijima Hajime, a Walt Whitman scholar, didn’t know about Nanao since he’s more associated with the Beats and the Hippies.... Japan’s first Dead Head? â€Å"Break the Mirror†: So Kijima included Nanao’s poem â€Å"Break the Mirror† in the bilingual booklet Over the Oceans: Contemporary Poetry from Japan (Doyo Bijutsusha Shuppan Hanbai, 2000), which he re-envisioned for both English and Japanese versions. Also in 2000, Blackberry Books, Nanao’s main publisher in English, put out an anthology of writings on him entitled Nanao or Never: Nanao Sakaki Walks Earth A, by such as authors as Gary Snyder, Allen Ginsberg, Joanne Kyger and myself. Blackberry Books also published Nanao’s poetry volumes Break the Mirror (1996) and Let’s Eat Stars (1997). â€Å"Let’s Eat Stars†: His poetry is infused with homegrown, funky, direct appeal. The first poem (untitled) in Break the Mirror tells us - not didactically - to take it easy. â€Å"April Fool’s Day† in Let’s Eat Stars is sharp-tongued in the eighth stanza: To make schooling more efficientThe Ministry of Education wantsthat all grammar schools junior high schoolsshould be reorganized into three categoriesA, Elite course.B, Robot course.C, Dropout course. He has also done English translations of haiku by Kobayashi Issa in Inch by Inch: 45 Haiku (La Alameda Press, 1999), which has the Japanese and English printed in Nanao’s script. With Gary Snyder: In Yaponesia his main publisher is Studio Reaf, which publishes the activist journal Ningen kazoku (â€Å"Human family†) - in 2000 Studio Reaf released a video of Gary’s reading selections from Turtle Island and Axe Handles followed by Nanao’s translation - Gary Snyder: Sing the Mother Earth, in Shinshu, 1991. The Japanese language Kokopelli is a collection of poems containing the poem Just Enough† in several languages, including Ainu, Ryukyuan, and English: Soil for legsAxe for handsFlower for eyesBird for earsMushroom for noseSmile for mouthSongs for lungsSweat for skinWind for mind Books by and about Nanao Sakaki: Break the Mirror, poems by Nanao Sakaki (Blackberry Books, 1996) Let’s Eat Stars, poems (Blackberry Books, 1997)[]Inch by Inch: 45 Haiku by Issa, translated by Nanao Sakaki (La Alameda Press, 1999) Nanao or Never: Nanao Sakaki Walks Earth A, edited by Gary Lawless (Blackberry Books, 2000)

Applying Universal Design for Learning to Inclusive Classrooms in Essay

Applying Universal Design for Learning to Inclusive Classrooms in Saudi Arabia - Essay Example As the report declares the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia attempts to upgrade education to advanced levels to keep pace with advances in science and technology and human knowledge. It has paid increasing attention to special needs, especially in the last decade. The educational system for students with disabilities has improved dramatically since it began several years ago. The Kingdom also has not separated special education for public education at the level of attention. According to the paper findings the laws and regulations in Saudi Arabia has supported the implementation of student with disabilities in general education and has successfully included services for students with disabilities in the public school, these improvements was not followed by effective strategies to implement these programs effectively. The teachers are still unprepared to use appropriate teaching methods to teach students with disabilities alongside with their peers. This paper aims to provide a solution for them by addressing the strategy of Universal Design for Learning as a potential approach to ensure the equal opportunity for all students to participate in the general curriculum. Universal design of learning has not been addressed in my country, Saudi Arabia. It is an emerging topic that being discussed, but, there is no research conducted in this topic yet. With the introduction of inclusive classrooms in Saudi Arabia, there have been an increasing number of diverse students in classrooms.

Dq3-Terence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Dq3-Terence - Essay Example Departmental efforts can be described as the shared responsibility that comes with teams working together to the many parts of the organization to achieve a universal goal (Freeman, 2012). For instance, in many cases within the organization, one department may predominantly be aware of the company project as the project exists within their ranks. In this regard, the other units within the organization are rendered idealess regarding the same. Due to the sense of shared enterprise, leaders must then coordinate the various teams to provide awareness and help so that the objective achieved. Business Intelligence is an information system that organizations adopts to enable them perform their function with ease. The company can collect data from both internal and external sources. Through the enterprise intelligence, it can be analyzed in the process as it comprises of many applications and tools of methodology (Reddy,Reddy & Hebseeba,2013). The executive and other departmental heads can then make informed decisions. Business intelligence has the capability to increase the organization revenue, provide a competitive advantage over the rivals. It also leads to efficiency in the operation while the management has the power to detect current market trends and outline any problem that requires urgency. Due to the immense benefits of the business intelligence, many organizations have embraced their usage within the body as it relatively eases operation and makes the organization achieve their target. But the systems are used by staffs who works from the many departments within the organization (Reddy,Reddy & Hebseeba,2013). Its foundation implementation must then be a concern to any department level. First the management must develop a clear and vivid vision for the organization of all the departments before they can lay its foundation within the organization. The outlined goals of

Black People and Roberta Essay Example for Free

Black People and Roberta Essay In Toni Morrison’s â€Å"Recitatif,† the story is about two girls, Twyla and Roberta. They grow up in an orphanage because their mothers could not care for them. Morrison makes it clear the girls come from different ethnic backgrounds but never states which one is black or white. At one point in the story Twyla comments, â€Å"We looked like salt and pepper. † I grew frustrated with the story and had to read it several times. I could never determine who was black and white and the lesson I learned should have been it doesn’t really matter. The story begins with Twyla’s mother dropping her off at the orphanage. She meets Roberta and they become best friends. The bond they share occurs because they were not considered real orphans. They were abandoned kids unlike the other children whose parents had died. One of the last times the girls see each other was the day of a visitation. On that night, Twyla’s mother was wearing â€Å"those tight green slacks that made her butt stick out. † Many people have labeled blacks as having larger butts. She could have been black, she could have been a heavy white woman with a large butt, or a Hispanic woman like me. But I automatically stereotyped and went with Twyla has to be black. During the visitation Roberta’s mother â€Å"had brought chicken legs. † Twyla notices Roberta does not eat the chicken legs. I always thought black people liked chicken more than white people which means Roberta was white since she did not eat the chicken. Or maybe she just wasn’t hungry. Shortly after that visitation Roberta’s mother came to take her home, leaving the girls devastated. They see each other several times throughout the years. At their first meeting, Roberta was rude and distant because she was high. Roberta tells Twyla she is on the way to see Jimi Hendrix. Hendrix was an infamous black guitarist. I thought at this point Roberta has to be black. However Hendrix’s band was interracial with a diverse audience. Roberta could have been white due to the diverse audience. I am a huge Hendrix fan and I am not black so why would I think Roberta is. Twelve years later they meet again at a grocery store. Roberta married a rich man and was extremely friendly to Twyla. Twyla cannot hold back her emotions and asks Roberta about the last time they saw each other. Roberta shrugs it off, â€Å"Oh, Twyla, you know how it was in those days: black—white. You know how everything was. † I can relate to this. In 1980, the Cuban Mariel Boat Lifts came over bring thousands of Cubans. I am Cuban but I was born here. Kids I had known since kindergarten treated me as if I just come over on the boats. It had a lasting effect on me and matured me beyond my years. The third time they meet is at the school where their children attend. Roberta and other mothers were picketing because they did not want their kids to be segregated. This led to a fight severing any last chance of a friendship for them as it would not be resolved until Twyla and Roberta meet for a final time. As the story ends I do not get a sense of closure. The question of which girl is white or black remains unanswered. It opened my eyes and made me question how prejudice I really am. I try to not stereotype as a result of what I went through as a child but I found myself doing just that. I can understand why Morrison wrote the way she. I am not sure what her goal was overall but to me it seemed as if she were teaching me about prejudices. â€Å"Recitatif† challenged me to not judge either girl by their race but accept them for who they are. In the end, what difference did it really make about the girls’ races? The story is about how their friendship develops and then deteriorates. Nothing more; nothing less.

Eulogy for Father :: Eulogies Eulogy

Eulogy for Father On behalf of myself, my mom and my brother, I want to thank everyone for being here....On the one hand, I was dreading today. I don't want to cry anymore. I don't want to yearn to hug my dad one last time, long to see his smiling face or hear his cheerful voice. On the other hand, I wanted today to come so that I could be around all of the people who love my dad so that I might feel his presence through sharing memories of him,....sharing tears....and maybe even sharing some laughter. How do you come to terms with the loss of your beloved father? How do you find happiness again? How do you move forward despite your aching heart, emptiness and sadness? It's like I'm in the midst of a nightmare that doesn't disappear when I wake up. I desperately want to find peace within myself about my father's death. I want my faith to reassure me that my dad is still with me in spirit. I think if I take this time to share the kind of man my father was, we might all feel like he is still very much alive. My dad was the most passionate person I've ever known. When he believed there was truth in something, he strived to educate others in the hopes they might open their minds to new possibilities. He was silly and zany with a great sense of humor. His lively presence was always felt in a room. He was a voracious reader. If I ever had a question about something, he always had answers because he'd read an article or a book recently about it. He was generous with his time. He would do anything for anybody at any time. My dad loved toys. When I was a kid, he'd buy me things that he really wanted to play with like capsella and model trains. He was an extremely sentimental person. When he visited his grandson for the first time 2 months ago, he bought him his first model car and purchased the New York Times that came out the day after so that Matthew would someday know what was going on in the world the day he was born, he saved all magazines, he framed simple notes sent by friends that signi fied an important time in his life, he couldn't bare to sell his childhood home.

Feed: Dystopia

This progress was most present in the chapter â€Å"A Day in the Country' (139) when characters Titus and Violet visit â€Å"Filet Mignon† a meat farm in which there Is no livestock but rather plantations of synthesized meat growing, with blood filled tubes running In and out of the factory. Titus' narration explains â€Å"we could see all these miles of filet mignon from where we were sitting, and some places where the genetic coding had gone Furthermore this sense of arbitration is shown again while Titus' father is describing his most recent whaling trip.He explains how whales are forced to be encased in a synthetic form of protection, as described earlier the seas have become highly toxic due to ignorance f the damages of pollution. In many ways Anderson demonstrates qualities of an artificial society that has resulted in the elimination of natural components of a modern functional world. In Feed, society depiction of human Interaction/communication was through the insta llation of the computer software known as the feed.The purpose behind this new product was merely a corporate opportunity for companies to market their advertisements geared toward the user's emotional state, recent thought topics and for the government to send information. It provides access to any online resource: hopping, television and most often used in the novel â€Å"M Chatting†. A form of communication similar to instant messaging via a cellular device, except from within the feed in the brain.Character Violet was one of the first to express her feelings toward the new era of the Feed installation, she showed resistance to the one product 73% of Americans had been consumed with. She was subject to malfunction after the group had been hacked by Euro-tourists on the moon, which then caused her to develop a theory that if she were to create a fake customer profile on the feed that the corporations wouldn't be able to market to. Violet stated â€Å"I'm not going to let t hem catalog me. I'm going to become Invisible. (98) Earth as described In the novel leads readers to believe that this generation Is being controlled by the feed, a product approved by the government. Technology has changed modern society drastically, it lead characters like Titus to a state where he does not remember life achieving. Lincoln â€Å"Link† Reworked one of Titus' best friends is perhaps the best example of the advancement in technology that society has reached. His parents went to a clinic where they were able to choose desirable traits from one of the most influential men n American history, Abraham Lincoln.Growing up in a gated community unlike Violet's or Titus', Links family is very wealthy, they were able to afford this form of genetic selection in which the government provides. This clone is ironic actually since Link is far from ‘Honest Abe' other than being quite tall, Link is not very intelligent, makes hasty decisions and could not be more opposit e than the man who freed the slaves. This error in the genetic cloning system reveals a flaw that society has yet to overcome, malfunction. As said in the feed Mimi can't spell ‘danger' without DNA. â€Å"(28).Malfunction has been present in the characters feed when they were hacked, when Violet's efficiency decreases and when the group engages in consuming alcohol and their system slows down. It proves that the technology created is not perfect, this society does have flaws and these flaws are a direct translation to the decay of human nature. In contrast to Part 3: Utopia (73), Feed is about two teenagers Violet and Titus living in a dyspepsia society full of malfunction, hackers, feed broadcasts and trademarked franchises. With houses that have their own weather/season, their own sun and drop bubs.Up-cars that can take you on vacations to the moon, synthesized meat factories and little of what's left of nature. â€Å"Earth† as the feed users know it is far from Utop ia. A perfect world is not defined by success in technology, but the overall bliss and happiness that is not ideal; unachievable. The resistance towards the feed is a clear reflection of how modern society has changed. This future world as described in Feed might become a reality if we are subject to consumption. â€Å"The natural world is so adaptable†¦ So adaptable you wonder what's natural. † (191)

Powerade marketing Essay

SWOT ANALYSIS Strength: Widely Distributed Loyal Customers Drink Technology Helps Distinguish Powerade Athletic Endorsements Strong Brand Name – Powerade Weaknesses: Online Marketing and Presence of Powerade. Opportunities: Product and Market Expansion. Flavor and Drink Innovation. Threats: Potential price wars could hurt the athletic drink market. Powerade is in fierce competition with Gatorade. External analysis Competition analysis The main competitor of powerade is Gatorade. The combined market share of all Gatorade products is 84.7% of the sports drink market. These Gatorade products include traditional Gatorade, Gatorade Frost, Gatorade Fierce, Gatorade X Factor Gatorade All Star, Gatorade Ice, Gatorade Extreme, and Gatorade Endurance Formula. The combined sales for these Gatorade products were $2.1 billion for the 52 weeks ending June 12, 2005. In this time period Gatorade has seen a 0.1% increase in its market share. Gatorade has sponsorship deals with the National Football League National Basketball Association, Major League Baseball, Major League Soccer. It also has a long history, being the first sports drink on the market when it was introduced in1965. More recently Gatorade has extended their product line to include Propel Fitness Water, which competes with Powerade option.  Both Gatorade and Powerade come in a wide variety of flavors and the two brand share comparable in price. Also, both are primarily sold in plastic bottles, but also offer a powder form. See Appendix A for a side-by-side comparison of the nutritional features of Powerade and Gatorade. Other competitors of powerade include all sport, Protein Ice and various other sports drinks. These products only make up 1% of the market. Various bottled water brands pose competition to powerade Option. The bottled water industry was a $9.1 billion dollar industry (domestic) in 2004 – a substantially larger market than sports drinks. Client Analysis The sports drinks market has been expanding in recent years. Ten years ago, sports drinks were typically consumed by serious athletes and body builders. The target market now includes people ranging in age from their teenage years to the 40s who have an interest in sports. Note that these people do not necessarily play sports regularly. There are three common occasions for consumption of sports drinks: after sports activity, for breakfast, and â€Å"on-the-go.† As a result, companies are reducing their focus on sports in order to accommodate these consumption patterns Sports drinks are generally viewed as a masculine product. The male to female ratio of the market is 4 to 1. Clearly males are targeted over females in this market, but data show that females also purchase the product regularly. Objectives: In recent years, powerade has lost revenue. Not because of fierce competition against Gatorade in the sports drink industry, but against enhanced water products like Vitamin Water, Smartwater. So powerade would like to gain consumers focus by reinvigorating the brand and generating buzz. Strategy: Reach more customers by broadening its demographics from athletes to any active consumer. Tactic: Refreshing and contemporizing the brand by renaming and repackaging its drinks. So bottles are now featuring a bigger size with the name powerade appearing almost in fine print. And powerade is embarking the boat of enhanced beverages. Strategies and Positioning Introduction Powerade is an energetic drink made by the Coca-Cola company. Its market is focused mainly in the sport world, because of the energy and mineral salts that it gives to supply the expensed ones during the exercise. Powerade entered the market in 1992. A market dominated mainly by Gatorade because of the lack of competitors in the market. As it is well known Coca-cola and Pepsi are main competitors in their market; well Powerade anda Gatorade are their sport products respectively. Because of the lack of competitors in this market, and the total dominance of Gatorade, Coca-cola Co. Decided to enter de market although they were in clear disadvantage. The first year that Powerade was in the market, it made a good hit to Gatorade, at least 10% of the sales, and this was because Pepsi Co was seeing Gatorade as a drink to have at home, just a beberage. Powerade entered as a sports man drink, that’s why it commenced to fight in this market. With a new competitor in the market, well, the only competitor in the market at the moment, and it wasn ´t no other that the worst enemy o Pepsi Co. , Coca-cola, the companay decided to commence a battle in marketing that still today is having place in our markets. Innovations and New Products The Gatorade commenced its battle by projecting its product in every place relationed with the product, as gyms, football fields, etc. But it was Coke Co. The one who took the initiative in this place, by entering the market after convincing various figures of sport to promote Powerade. Pepsi got new ideas! It had to get to a wider market an no only as a healthy drink that moms could give to their children. It decided to enter more strongly in the sport market, then it launched a series of products to improve in the sport, like energy bars, more energetic drink, even a gel, that Olympic sportsmen use. Anyway it wasn’t new to Coke Co these strategies and they had new ways of enter this market and fight for the triumph too. Powerade also got energy bars, or drinks, and even gels, like Gatorade did, but Coke Co had a new product to fight the competence; Powerade zero, a drink with zero calories and zero sugars, made as a diet drink, so it entered no only the market of sport more deeply with this product; it also opened a great market to whit no fat drinks! And there are a lot of people that want to lose weight with few or no sport; this drink definitively would be perfect for those users. Gatorade counter attacked making publicity and saying that an energy drinks, needs calories to supply the ones that you burn during exercise. Coke co was ready for that, and they argued that what you really needed during sport was just a drink to supply the mineral salts that you need, and with a good flavors; they got the help of some science studies to support their argument, and it just made Powerade to gain more sales, and then steel them from Gatorade. But battle wasn’t won yet, and Powerade knows that. So they commenced a marketing campaign with famous basket and football stars to publicities its product, also they launched new flavors. And in a battle that it seems that everything its worthy, Coca Cola Co had just hired the ex-executive manager of science and sports of Gatorade. Obviously a great heat to Pepsi Co and even more if Coke co hired him in the R+D department, what would make a great amount of sales for Powerade and lot less for Gatorade. And the impact was visible early. In 2010 Powerade’s sales raised to a 32% of the market in the third trimester, having in account that in 1990 the drink was launched at it got less than a 10%. Great hit to Gatorade, but it was owning the market yet. With more than 60% of the sales Gatorade is clearly the leader, but more and more, year by  year, Powerade gets more buyers than Gatorade. Conclusion Coca-Cola co entered a market where it has clear disadvantage, sport world drinks, with Powerade, and they had no more than a 10% of the sales in the market that was clearly governed by Coke’s main rival; Pepsi Co and its Gatorade with at least 80% of the sales in the market of energy drinks. But Powerade had a great future and they where ready to open at. After Powerade got the dominium of some great and famous athletes both competitors began a marketing battle by promoting their products in sport places. And Gatorade seeing the danger of this new competitor soon opened more strategies like new products. But Powerade strategies weren’t over yet and they launched new products to the market and opened a making it wider like the same products of even a diet drink. It is obvious that both companies have great marketing strategies, but in my opinion Powerade has the lead in that way, because year by year they are getting more sales and users from Gatorade. Not going too far, I began consuming Gatorade, but now a days when I do some sport, I use Powerade. Its benefits feel better than Gatorade ones. Product Powerade is an isotonic beverage/sports drink manufactured by â€Å"The Coca-Cola Company†; it was first introduced to the market in the year 1988 and later released nationally on the United States on the year 1992. Powerade’s primary competitor is Gatorade, which is manufactured by PepsiCo’s (Coca-Cola’s main competitor). By June 2007, Powerade reached a 13.4% of the market in its category, Gatorade being the leader of the market with an 84.2%. Ingredients Powerade is composed by water, high fructose corn syrup, salt, potassium citrate, phenylalanine, sucralose, sodium citrate, malic acid, potassium phosphate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B2. Flavors This product stands out by the numerous types of flavors it offers; currently there are eight types of flavors: Orange, Mountain Berry Blast (originally Mountain Blast), Fruit Punch, Grape, Lemon Lime, Sour Melon (originally Green Squall), White Cherry (originally Arctic Shatter), and Strawberry Lemonade. Apart from this, there are six flavors of Powerade zero, the zero calorie version of the product, this are: Mixed Berry, Grape, Lemon Lime, Orange, Fruit Punch and Strawberry. Sponsorship Powerade is the official sports drink of teams like Wallabies, New Zealand’s All Blacks, River Plate from Argentina, the Australian Football League, O’Higgins F.C, Argentina’s national football team, Mexico’s national football team, the PGA Tour, Nascar, and the United States Olympic team. Apart from this, Rogelio Funes Mori from River Plate, Lebron James from the Miami Heat, and Wayne Rooney from Manchester United, are the three main sportsman sponsored by Powerade. Product life cycle The Product life cycle consist of four stages starting from introduction stage, growth stage, maturity stage and decline stage. At the introduction stage, the product is not popular and can’t really make a lot of profit. Its marketing cost may be high in order to test a market and set up a distribution channel. At the growth stage, the product start making a profit, the sales increase rapidly with some cost on marketing especially brand building. Competitors enter the market, often in large number depending on how attractive the market is. When a profit starts to decline, it’s the sign of ‘Maturity stage’. Powerade was originally elaborated for athletes. Originally it had to be reformulated because of its bad taste and because of ingredients problems. The new formula offered better nutritional values, and this led to Powerade being consumed as a common drink. Because of this, in its growth stage Powerade started releasing different types of drinks for athletes, with the objective of hydrating them. Powerade has tried to create more new products  than Gatorade and the other competition, but this task is not easy since Gatorade products are more demanded. As sales decline, the firm has several options like maintaining the product, possibly rejuvenating it by adding new features and finding new uses; harvest the product reduce costs and continue to offer it, possibly to a loyal niche segment, or discontinuing the product. In Powerade’s case, it will continue offering its products, with the confident of continue growing and not to decline, and also changing features, like a new bottle which projects a new and fresh image. Brand equity As a Performance Partner of the ‘All Blacks’, Powerade has recorded some exceptional scores of late, having seen volume sales of its 750ml bottles grow by 22.9% in supermarkets across New Zealand since 2009, confirming its status as the countries number one selling sports drink. Ahead of the launch of its latest campaign, the challenge therefore facing Powerade was to grow its brand further than the 80% market share that it currently already occupies. Equipped with the insight that Powerade was only being drunk on game days by consumers in New Zealand, the brand wanted to become an integral part of daily training routines, and utilized its sponsorship of the Rugby team to achieve this through the launch of a multi-touch point campaign launched in late June that aimed to heighten anticipation ahead of the Rugby World Cup in September. This was Powerade’s ‘Black’, which hit the supermarkets across New Zealand creating impact and patriotism among fans in what was a crucial year in the history of the nation from a Rugby perspective. Adding weight to the campaign was the launch of a TVC, ‘Train Like You’re In The Game’, that highlighted how the hard work on the training ground is replicated in a match situation, creating a direct link between high performance and the abilities of Powerade to facilitate this by hydrating the body. Online activation saw the launch of a Powerade New Zealand Facebook page, where training tips and behind the scenes footage of the New Zealand Rugby team could be accessed, providing an insight into the lives of elite athletes by posing the question to members of the New Zealand Rugby Team, â€Å"what makes an ‘All Black’?† The Powerade NZ website took this idea to a new level, featuring tips and advice from NZ Rugby strength and conditioning coach, Dr. Nic Gill, and provided a ‘hydration calculator’ tool that aggregated the amount of fluid lost from the body through sweat during exercise. In addition, various training drills were shared by Dr. Gill targeted at improving endurance, speed, performance and strength whilst details of the ‘Powerade Challenge’ were also provided. In order for consumers to test their fitness levels against those of the All Blacks players, Powerade also launched the ‘Powerade Challenge’ in July, creating a running course located on the Auckland waterfront integrated with RFID technology so that runners could track their times. Participants could register online to receive their free personalized Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) bracelet, which could be activated by placing it on unique Powerade vending machines located a various distances around the running route. All results were uploaded to the brand’s website. The integrated push from Powerade highlights the desire of the brand to cement its status as the number one selling sports drink in New Zealand, building equity in the process and showcasing its innovative technologies during the Rugby World Cup, a time where the sport (already massive in the country) is at the forefront of consumers minds. PRICE In order to talk about the Price, inside the Marketing Mix of POWERADE. To introduce this part of the presentation, what we can say is that ‘Price’ as one of the elements that gives a real benefit to the company, needs to be studied, in order to know why companies put a determined price to the product. And, as we are going to see now, the price will vary, depending on the country it’s sold and the GDP of the country. AMERICA In the table above what we can see are the values of the POWERADE and GATORADE (its major competitor in the whole market of the energetic beverages) North America: In Canada, price of Powerade is less than Gatorade, as it is usual due to Powerade (normally) sells its product at a lower price than its major competitor (Gatorade). In the USA, price of Powerade acts in the same way than Canada, lower price than Gatorade. In this case the GDP of Canada and USA is not a great factor, in order to evaluate the price the product. Central America: In Mexico, price of Powerade is much lower than in North America, but is a little greater in comparison with Gatorade. Here we can appreciate, that the GDP of Mexico is less, so price of both products is lower. South America: In Brazil, we can see that price of Powerade is quite bigger than in the USA, even with a lower GDP, in this case, the main reason could be that, Powerade demand is not so big, in order to decrease the price, or another reason, could be that, Gatorade has a greater Market Share. So, it could explain why the difference between both products is relatively big. In Argentina, we can see a greater difference between both products, and here, is clear that marketing strategy of Powerade, which is ‘to offer same product, but a lower price’, is done. Other thing that we can see about price, if we compare it with USA, it’s clear that Powerade is more expensive. EUROPE POWERADE (500 ML) $ POWERADE $ GATORADE $GDP EUROPE UK 1,33 1,42 35.500 FRANCE 2,08 2,51 34.569 GERMANY 1,58 1,83 37.900 ITALY 1,64 2,34 31.264 SPAIN 1,22 1,41 31.500 Studying the price of Powerade in Europe, we can say that: the variety of prices doesn’t vary between countries. The main reason could be that European countries analyzed are inside the European Union, and the difference of prices doesn’t vary between them. Only remark France, where the prices of Powerade (and Gatorade) are quite bigger than the rest, even comparing them with Germany, where the GDP is higher. ASIA POWERADE (500 ML) $ POWERADE $ GATORADE $GDP ASIA CHINA 1,26 1,6 8400 JAPAN 2,81 3,25 35280 SOUTH KOREA 1,26 1,89 33100 In the box above, we can appreciate that in Asia, the variation of GDP is very high, and wide, due to the wealth of the nations studied. The main thing remarkable is that in Japan, the price of Powerade is quite high than in China or South Korea, the main reason, it’s because the wealth of Japan is high than the rest of the Asian countries. AFRICA POWERADE (500 ML) $ POWERADE $ GATORADE $GDP AFRICA MOROCCO 0,9 1,145 5252 EGYPT 0,95 1,12 6180 SOUTH AFRICA 1,093 1,35 10890 Here in Africa, what we can appreciate is that the prices of Powerade (and Gatorade) don’t vary with other developed countries. One thing remarkable is that Powerade costs more in South Africa than Morocco or Egypt, maybe because the GDP of this country is higher than the others compared. OCEANIA POWERADE (500 ML) $ POWERADE $ GATORADE $GDP OCEANIA AUSTRALIA 2,25 2,79 40820 NEW ZEALAND 3,56 2,76 29535 Analyzing the prices in Oceania, we can appreciate that there is a big difference between the prices of this continent and the rest of the world. Bottles of 500 ml, of Powerade, are more expensive than in other countries outside Australia or New Zealand. One reason could be because of the distance between this countries and Asia,  so, the production cost could be higher. Other reason could be because of the GDP, if we see, its high comparing it with the media of GDP, and between Australia and New Zealand the difference is clearly defined. In New Zealand is much more expensive to buy a bottle of Powerade than in Australia. BUT, if you buy a bottle of Gatorade is cheaper than a bottle of Powerade, this could because the demand of Gatorade is higher than Powerade, so the company decided to reduce its price, in order to maintain the consumption. Natural disasters in Australia Natural disasters are events that occur naturally such as earthquakes, cyclones, Storms, and floods. These kinds of disasters can cause significant physical damage, interruption of business services and personal injury/loss of life. Due to the effects of global warming and consequential climate change the rate of natural disasters in Australia is increasing day by day. I myself have faced such kind of natural disaster in Pakistan in the year 2012 which was a flood. So I can relate and describe how painful and how bad economically these disasters can be; destroying each and everything coming in its way. There are two types of economic impacts due to natural disasters: 1. Direct Economic impact. This includes lifelines such as water, sanitation system, gas, electricity, telecommunication and transportation which are vulnerable to all types of natural disasters which are included in public infrastructure and community facilities. Other than this business enterprise, households & residents are also part of direct impact. 2. Indirect economic impact. Indirect economic impact includes disruption and clean up. These impacts are incurred due to consequence of the disaster. Australia has always been facing these kinds of disasters which made a huge loss for Australia and a lot of time and money was spent to bring Australia back in its kind of original form. If we go through the history of Australia  we can read that from the year 1967 till 1999 there have been 265 such disasters costing more than $10 million dollars each. The total cost of most disasters is ranging from $10 to $50 million which is a huge amount. Among the entire disasters, floods were most common and most costly. Floods have always been on number one causing destruction on a high level, contributing $10.4 billion or 29 percent to the total cost followed by Storms and Cyclones making 26 and 24 percent of the total cost. The bushfire crisis in Victoria is Australia’s worst-ever bushfire disaster. It’s also Australia’s worst natural disaster in 110 years which so far has claimed 131 lives. If we analyze the currently available data then we come up with a statement that total cost of natural disasters in Australia between the years 1967 and 1999 is approximately $36.4 billion, which is easy to say and hard to believe. If we integrate deaths and injuries into this data then the total cost increases to $37.8 billion or approximately $85 per person compared to prices in 1999. This estimation brings to an average annual total cost of natural disasters to $1.14 billion since 1967 or $1.17 since 1980 and $1.51 billion prices are subjected to year 1999. An organization called â€Å"The Natural disaster Relief and Recover Arrangements (NDRRA) is an organization that provides Commonwealth and States which share costs in rebuilding the assets of states that are damaged by the natural disaster. By which the states are able to get a little part of the total cost from the Common wealth used in reconstructing state government assets. Every state in Australia has some self-insurance or some form of managed fund which helps in insuring states assets. It is recommended by many that the formula used under â€Å"The Natural Disaster Relief and Recovery Arrangements† should be changed to expenditure method before the State or Territory gets any insurance recovery. Natural disasters cause so much heavy burden on the economy of Australia that at some stage it becomes so hard for the government to deal with the outcomes of that disaster. There are many ways which can help the government getting over these disasters and make plans or organizations which can work  on these disasters as these disasters are unavoidable part of Australia. Nothing much can be done besides what has always done on such events. Below are some ways that can help. Low interest concessional loans should be given on large scale by the government to companies. Series of loan repayment should be increased to as maximum as possible. Flood premium discount should be given for existing homes but not for new homes. Every year some part of the Gross Domestic Product should be saved a side. Emergency relief assistance and emergency re-establishment assistance should be increased. Provide a carrier that has good reputation in claiming service. 1. Neil Gentle, Sharyn Kierce, Alistair Nitz, 2001 â€Å"Economic cost of natural disaster in Australia† Retrieved from â€Å"https://www.google.com.au/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CDAQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.em.gov.au%2FDocuments%2FEconomic_costs_of_natural_disasters_in_Australia.pdf&ei=XO17UdX2FcaiigeT1oCYCQ&usg=AFQjCNE89LiWzBdi_zr3hvixQdXzkLYLBA&sig2=bVIuhvxRuq8ZUmgV1h7sYg&bvm=bv.45645796,d.dGI† on 18th April 2013. 2. Emergency Management Australia, 2002 â€Å"Economic and Financial aspects of Disaster Recovery† Retrieved from https://www.google.com.au/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&ved=0CDUQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.em.gov.au%2FDocuments%2FManual28-EconomicandFinancialAspectsofDisasterRecovery.pdf&ei=XO17UdX2FcaiigeT1oCYCQ&usg=AFQjCNGgKyl9WZm6lEw4LUhncbrFlzf7zA&sig2=4zfhYHeYKdlqn4qrM5cFaA&bvm=bv.45645796,d.dGI on April 19, 2013. 3. Bureau of Transport Economics Report 103, 2001 â€Å"Economic costs of natural disasters in Australia† Retrieved from http://www.bitre.gov.au/publications/2001/files/report_103.pdf on April 21, 2013. 4. John Trowbridge, Jim Minto, John Berrill, September 2001 â€Å"Natural disaster insurance review,†

How Athens Played a Significant Role in Greek History

How Athens Played a Significant Role in Greek History Chapter I. The Physical Setting of Athens 1. The Importance of Athens in Greek History To three ancient nations the men of the twentieth century owe an incalculable debt. To the Jews we owe most of our notions of religion; to the Romans we owe traditions and examples in law, administration, and the general management of human affairs which still keep their influence and value; and finally, to the Greeks we owe nearly all our ideas as to the fundamentals of art, literature, and philosophy, in fact, of almost the whole of our intellectual life. These Greeks, however, our histories promptly teach us, did not form a single unified nation. They lived in many city-states of more or less importance, and some of the largest of these contributed very little directly to our civilization. Sparta, for example, has left us some noble lessons in simple living and devoted patriotism, but hardly a single great poet, and certainly never a philosopher or sculptor. When we examine closely, we see that the civilized life of Greece, during the centuries when she was accomplishing the most, was peculiarly centered at Athens. Without Athens, Greek history would lose three quarters of its significance, and modern life and thought would become infinitely the poorer. 2. Why the Social Life of Athens Is So Significant Because, then, the contributions of Athens to our own life are so important, because they touch (as a Greek would say) upon almost every side of the true, the beautiful, and the good, it is obvious that the outward conditions under which this Athenian genius developed deserve our respectful attention. For assuredly such personages as Sophocles, Plato, and Phidias were not isolated creatures, who developed their genius apart from, or in spite of, the life about them, but rather were the ripe products of a society, which in its excellences and weaknesses presents some of the most interesting pictures and examples in the world. To understand the Athenian civilization and genius it is not enough to know the outward history of the times, the wars, the laws, and the lawmakers. We must see Athens as the average man saw it and lived in it from day to day, and THEN perhaps we can partially understand how it was that during the brief but wonderful era of Athenian freedom and prosperity[*], Ath ens was able to produce so many men of commanding genius as to win for her a place in the history of civilization which she can never lose. [*]That era may be assumed to begin with the battle of Marathon (490 B.C.), and it certainly ended in 322 B.C., when Athens passed decisively under the power of Macedonia; although since the battle of Chaeroneia (338 B.C.) she had done little more than keep her liberty on sufferance.

Matching up Nicknames With Given Names

Matching up Nicknames With Given Names It can be hard enough to find great-grandma Jenny without having to figure out if she could also be Jane, Janet, Jeanette, Jennett, Jennifer, or Virginia. But it is common in many genealogical records, especially more informal records such as census records and obituaries, to find your ancestors listed under names you might not expect. In many cases, these names may have been the nicknames that they were known by to their family, friends and business associates - no different for our ancestors than it is today. List of Nicknames for First Names Nicknames can sometimes be difficult to catch, however. Kim as a nickname for Kimberly is fairly straightforward, but Polly as a nickname for Mary and Peggy as a nickname for Margaret have tripped up many researchers. Sometimes nicknames were formed by adding a y or ey to the end of a name or part of a name - i.e. Johnny for John or Penny for Penelope. Other times the name was shortened in some manner - i.e. Kate for Katherine. But sometimes it is just a matter of knowing which nicknames were commonly used in a particular time and  place. Thats why it is important, as a genealogist, to familiarize yourself with commonly used nicknames and their corresponding given names. Do not forget, however, that what appears to be a nickname isnt always. Many nicknames became so popular that they later came to be bestowed as given names. My fathers name is Larry - which is  not  short for Lawrence as many might assume. And my great-grandmother really was baptized as Effie, not Euphemia or Evelyn. Scroll down to explore this list of common nicknames associated with popular given names to determine the various ways in which your ancestor might appear in genealogical records. These are just some of the most common possible given name/nickname variations, but certainly not all. While researching, keep in mind that the same nickname might be associated with different given names, and the same individual might show up with different nicknames in different records. Nickames Given Names Bell, Bella, Belle Arabelle, Anabelle, Belinda, Elizabeth, Isabel, Isabella, Mirabel, Rosabel Belle Mabel, Sybil Bess, Bessie, Bessy, Beth, Bette, Bettie, Bettie, Betsy, Betsey, Bitsy Elizabeth, Elisabeth Bird, Birdie Alberta, Albertine, Roberta Bob, Bobby Robert Bobbi, Bobbie Roberta Boots Bertha Bridey, Brie Bridget Carrie, Carry Caroline, Carolina, Charlotte Cindy, Cindie Cynthia, Cinthia, Lucinda Daisy Margaret Dan, Danny Daniel, Sheridan Dee Audrey, Deanne, Deanna, Denise Delia Adelia, Adele, Cordelia Dell, Della, Delly Adelaide, Adela, Cordelia, Deliverance, Delores Dick Richard Dobbin, Dobby, Dob Robert Dode, Dody Dorothy, Theodore Dora Dorothy, Eudora, Theodora Dot, Dotty, Dottie Dorothy Ed, Eddie, Eddy Edgar, Edmund, Edward, Edwin, Edwina Effie, Effy Euphemia, Evelyn Eliza Elizabeth, Elisabeth Ella, Ellie Eleanor, Elenora Erma Emaline, Emily Fannie, Fanny Frances Frankie Frances (female), Francis (male), Franklin Genie Eugenia Ginger, Ginny Virginia Greta Margaret, Margaretha Hal Harold, Henry Hank, Harry Henry Hattie Harriet, Harriett Hettie Esther, Henrietta, Hester Jack John Jamie James, Jameson Jenny Jane, Janet, Jeanette, Jennett, Virginia Jim, Jimmy James Jock, Johnnie, Johnny John Kate, Katy, Katie, Kay, Kit, Kitty, Kittie Katherine Lena Angelina, Caroline, Helena, Magdalena, Paulina, Selena, etc. Lisa, Lise, Liz, Lizzie Elizabeth, Elisabeth Lucy Lucinda Madge, Maggie, Midge Margaret Mamie Mary Marty, Martie, Mattie Martha May Mary Meg, Megan Margaret Millie, Milly Amelia, Mildred Moll, Mollie, Molly Mary Nell, Nellie, Nelly Eleanor, Elenora, Ellen, Helen, Helena Nora Eleanor, Elenora, Honora, Honoria Ollie Olive, Olivia, Oliver Pat, Patsy, Patty, Pattie Martha, Matilda, Patricia, Patience Peg, Peggy Margaret Penny Penelope Polly, Pollie Mary, Paula Rich, Richy, Rick Richard Rob, Robbie, Robby Robert (male), Roberta (female) Robin Robert, Roberta Ron Aaron, Ronald Ronnie Aaron, Ronald, Veronica Sadie, Sally, Sallie Sarah Sam, Sammy, Sammie Samuel, Samson, Samantha Sukie, Suchie, Suchy Susan, Susanna, Susannah Tad Theodore Ted, Teddy Edward, Theodore Terry, Tess, Tessie, Tessa, Tracy Theresa, Teresa Theo Theodore Tilly Temperance Tillie Matilda, Mathilda Tina Christina Trina Catherine, Katherine Virgie Virginia Winnie Winefred, Winifred

Marketing Mix for U.S.A car market Chery Cars China Essay - 14

Marketing Mix for U.S.A car market Chery Cars China - Essay Example Venturing into the American market requires a workable strategy that goes in line with the current needs of the customers. This means that the organisation has to conduct a thorough market research that would enable it come up with strategies of conquering the market. Lymbersky (29) noted that marketing strategy is all about defining objectives of the way an organisation intends to join a new market and satisfy the customers. Since Chery Cars China is not the first organisation to enter into the American market, it is apparent that there are different things that the organisation needs to look at to decide on the kind of products the American market needs. It would also be critical to understand what other organisations are offering so that the organisation can come up with unique products that would meet the expectations of the customers (Adekola, Abel and Serg). Besides, the customers must be convinced that Chery Cars China has high quality cars that are different from what they are used in the local market. With the American market being flooded with strong automobile companies like general motors and ford, Chery Cars China has to first carryout a market research on the quality of cars manufactured by these companies. This is indispensable in that the organisation will understand the taste of the customers before venturing into the market (Fernandez and Shengjun 2). This would call for a thorough assessment of the weaknesses of the existing companies so that the organisation can take advantage of that ad develops models that would please the customers. For instance, one of the leading strategies employed by the ford company in the US market is provision of quality cars that make its customers loyal. With the increased debate on the need to have eco-friendly cars in the contemporary world, Chery Cars China can take advantage and decide to design

E-Learning Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

E-Learning - Assignment Example According to research, multimedia is the combination of various elements with interactive components (Asian Development Bank 7). These elements can offer the consumer a more stimulating and vibrant web encounter, but like with everything, control is important. However, various multimedia elements need exceptional software development. It is unlawful to use pictures lacking the consent of either the photojournalist or the holder of the pictures. It is thus vital to attain authorization before an image is used for e-learning processes. Line art is the greatest rudimentary growth mass of official examination. It can be employed to develop more multifaceted shapes or to lead the eye of the audience from one location in the composition to another. Vector art element is employed by computers, where images saved take up less computer space. The images kept can effortlessly be inflated without altering the appearance. This, as a result, makes it simple for an e-learning education program to make or edit the image in order to suit the required pictures for learning. In the e-learning setting, interactivity is the communication that takes place between a person and a computer program; it allows the consumers to take part in the process actively instead of being a passive receiver of information. Interactivity is meant to enhance attentiveness, thus improving the learning process. These multimedia elements can be used in various ways in e-learning education program, and they can also be used at any given time depending on the requirements of the given organization. Instructional matters of the multimedia features are that there is deficiency of existing investigation to discourse the serious matters of just how to advance operative multimedia instructional concepts and technology that results into desired learning enactment and gratification. Audio is an element that uses sound to teach the material. Audio can be used as a stand-alone, such as a podcast. Alternatively, it can be used as a supplemental tool, such as providing sound to complement a PowerPoint presentation. The best time to use audio in e-learning is when the majority of learners are auditory. However, it can also be used to supplement text and other visual material. For example, visually a graph can be presented but audio can then explain the graph. The key is to only have it be supplemental, though; as Clark points out, stating the exact same points via sound and text can overload the learner rather than reinforce the material (Kineo, 2013). Audio should also not be used when it is known that learners will not have access to the required technology. One of the biggest technological issues with audio is developing a balance between file size and quality (Vaughan, 2007). It is important to ensure that quality is not compromised and that learners are able to clearly understand the file; however, because different systems, platforms, and users’ computers vary, file sizes need to b e considered in order to ensure that the files are accessible. As Vaughan (2007) points out, the better the quality is, the larger the file will be. Another technological issue involves the balancing of the recording levels; too high and it may be distorted with crackling or other noise, but too low and the sound â€Å"

Uneasiness Due to Less Commanding Novice Physical education teacher Thesis

Uneasiness Due to Less Commanding Novice Physical education teacher - Thesis Example This essay discusses that the experience of the teacher helps the teachers making plans for their lessons keeping in view the characteristics of the class and the attitude of the students. The experienced teacher is able to develop the task for classroom on the basis of their observation of the needs and behaviours of the children but the novice teacher has no or little idea about the attitude and behaviours of the students in the physical education class and their study plans and lessons are mainly based upon the written sources rather than real time observations.After implementing the lesson plans in the first class they have to monitor if there is need of modifying the plans according to the needs of the students. In this situation, the students are not getting refined educational instructions as the teacher has to spend more time on experimenting and testing his lesson plans rather immediately practicing them. The novice teacher often changes their lesson plans and activities on the basis of the class response that causes uneasiness to the students and makes it difficult for the students to easily adjust in the classroom.The decision-making strategies of the novice teacher are also different from the experienced teacher. Unlike the experienced teachers, the novice teacher doesn't have many strategies for managing the students in the class by facilitating their individual performances so the novice teacher mainly focuses upon the interest level of the entire class and make a decision on the basis of the overall interest.

Task Centred Approach And The Crisis Intervention Social Work Essay

Task Centred Approach And The Crisis Intervention Social Work Essay This short study takes up the evaluation and assessment of two social work intervention theories, namely the Task Centred Approach and the Crisis Intervention Method, with special regard to their implications and applications for social work practice. Social workers, in the course of their practice, are often called upon to help people in coping and dealing with different types of difficulties in their lives. Human beings face situations of crisis at one time or the other during their lives (Roberts, 2000, p 11). The crisis theory postulates that the occurrence of crises is normal to life. Such crisis situations can occur suddenly, like family illnesses or a loss of jobs, or be unpredictable, like entering school or growing older (Roberts, 2000, p 11). Individuals attempt to cope with crises with their available mechanisms, but face problems when such mechanisms do not work or when earlier unresolved crises get reactivated. Social workers are often called upon to intervene with individuals and help them in coping with their crises (Roberts, 2000, p 11). The task-centred approach is a progressive and goal-orientated method for social work practice. It constitutes a practice-based approach that is built on research and is being used in a diverse settings and circumstances (Nash, et al, 2005, p 33).  It represents a social work method wherein clients are assisted in carrying out problem reducing tasks within specific time periods. It is structured, problem focused and time-restricted and is being increasingly used in contemporary social service interventions (Nash, et al, 2005, p 33). Crisis intervention is often grouped together with the task centred approach. Malcolm Payne (1991, p 4) sees significant common ground between crises intervention and task centred approaches to social work practice. Both methods focus on problem solving, deal with brief interventions and are related to learning theory. This essay takes up the examination and assessment of these two theories, with especial regard to their communalities, their differences and their relevance for social work practice. Due regard is given to the implications of anti-oppressive practice. 2. Crisis Intervention Theory The crisis theory states that it is important for people to resolve their crises situations and experiences in order to cope with new developments and crises (Aguilera, 1998, p 47). If individuals are unable to resolve their earlier crises, they become more vulnerable to inability to resolve new crises. Individuals who learn new skills to resolve their crises are on the other hand strengthened in coping with future crisis situations (Aguilera, 1998, p 47). Human beings have considerable capacities for handling or dealing with difficult situations. It is only when such difficulties assume significant proportions and people do not have appropriate resources, personal, emotional, social, spiritual or physical, to deal appropriately with stressful circumstances or events that they become involved in crises. Difficult or stressful events do not by themselves result in crisis situations (Aguilera, 1998, p 47). Crises are actually determined by the responses of individuals to specific stres sful circumstances or events and their responses to them. Crises develop only when individuals perceive specific events to be significant and threatening, try to handle such events with their usual coping strategies without success, and are not able to use other alternatives (Aguilera, 1998, p 47). Behavioural and psychological experts perceive crises to be akin to states of psychological disequilibrium. Individuals experiencing crises are likely to experience a range of emotions like feelings of apprehension, anxiety, fear, guilt and helplessness (Nash, et al, 2005, p 37). Other indicators include alterations in eating and sleeping patterns, activity and energy levels and ability to concentrate. People in crises are also commonly known to suffer from depression and withdraw from social intervention (Nash, et al, 2005, p 37). Social work experts argue that whilst the majority of crises run their course or reach some semblance of stability within one or two months, it is necessary for skilled intervention to take place to strengthen the coping mechanisms of individuals. The failure to do so will result in the existence and continuance of crisis associated behaviours, even as the opportunity for change will be forgone (Nash, et al, 2005, p 37). People in crisis often have little by way of solutions and are receptive to external help and assistance (Roberts, 2000, p 19). The provisioning of skilled intervention by social work practitioners during the occurrence of the crises can result in opportunities for individuals experiencing crisis to learn new skills, achieve beneficial behavioural change, and regain stability. Individuals who have been able to successfully cope with crises are strengthened by such experiences and can use their skills in future times of difficulty (Roberts, 2000, p 19). Crisis intervention is essentially a professional response that is limited in terms of time and is used to assist individuals, families, and groups (Hepworth, et al, 2002, p 83). Social workers aim to assess the openness of individuals experiencing crises to learning of new skills and mechanisms for coping. They also help individuals in reducing their feelings of helplessness, isolation, and distress and use social resources to help in restoring individuals to their prior functional levels, as soon as practically possible (Hepworth, et al, 2002, p 83). Such social work intervention is done through listening, validation, acceptance, normalisation, reassurance, education, advocacy and brokering resources (Nash, et al, 2005, p 38). Crisis intervention can be specifically segregated into 7 stages, namely (a) establishment of communication and development of feelings with individuals that circumstances can become better, (b) assessment of situation, (c) exploration of available strengths and resources, (d) goal setting with the use of such strengths and resources, (e) implementation of plan, teaching of new skills and mobilisation of other support if required, (f) evaluation and adjustment of the plan and (g) follow up and termination of relationship (Hepworth, et al, 2002, p 83). It is important for social workers to be skilled in crisis intervention because of the constant demand upon them for helping people in crisis situations (Roberts, 2000, p 19). Social workers are liable to encounter clients with diverse needs, which may in turn require research, strategic planning and the providing of individualised person centred support (Roberts, 2000, p 19). The nature of crisis intervention work also calls for confidentiality and emotional separation in order to deliver services in a professional manner (Roberts, 2000, p 19). 3. Task Centred Approach The task centred approach emerged in response to the slow and inadequate results that were being achieved through traditional casework methods (Reid, 1997, p 134). Traditional casework methods in social work were felt to be of limited use because of their resource intensive nature, their lack of focus, and their ambiguous outcomes, which were difficult to assess and quantify (Reid, 1997, p 134). Reid and Shyne engaged in extensive study in the late 1960s to explore alternate approaches to casework and developed the task centred approach for social work practice, which called for limited but intensely focused intervention periods. The approach was essentially client oriented and required the social worker to act as a facilitator (Reid, 1997, p 134). With the task centred approach helping clients to improve their difficulties quickly, the process was soon adopted for replication and development in the United Kingdom (Reid, 1997, p 134). Studies on the task centred approach revealed that unfocused help, as was provided by the psycho-social approach and the case study method, over long periods, resulted in reduction of hope and self confidence on the part of the client (Nash, et al, 2005, p 42). It also resulted in negative dependency and unnecessary attachments to specific organisations or particular social workers (Nash, et al, 2005, p 42). It was also seen that the setting of time limits for achievement of specific outcomes helped in building expectations of the possibility of rapid change and enhanced participant energy and motivation (Nash, et al, 2005, p 42). Whilst the task centred approach proved to be practically beneficial for clients and also served, reduce and optimise utilisation of limited social work resources, it also facilitated a shift towards the person centred approach, the negation of the assumption of the professional being the only source of expertise, and helped in achievement of greater empowerment and reduction of oppression (Naleppa Reid, 1998, p 63). The task centred approach calls for attention to be paid to social and external issues that affect individuals rather than on perceiving individuals and their psychological histories to be the main cause of their difficulties (Naleppa Reid, 1998, p 63). The task centred approach involves a structured method wherein the social worker firstly assists the service user in articulating the problems in the ways perceived by service users (Hepworth, et al, 2002, p 87). The social workers subsequently helps the service user to detail and breakdown the problems, taking care to redefine them wherever necessary and helping the service user to locate important areas for action (Hepworth, et al, 2002, p 87). The social worker finally motivates the service user to categorise and prioritise his or her individual problem in line with his or her perceptions (Naleppa Reid, 1998, p 63). The social worker and service user thereafter work in partnership to (a) specify and identify outcomes, (b) agree to contracts and (c) review and assess progress. Social workers who use the task centred approach should be able to positively engage service users and instil trust and confidence (Hepworth, et al, 2002, p 87). Commonalities in Task Centred and Crisis Intervention Approaches Task centred approaches and crisis intervention methods appear to merge well in both theory and practice (Watson, et al, 2002, p 96). Social work research indicates that the use of these methods have proved to be effective with a wide range of clients. Both theories emerged in response to the apparently ineffective outcomes of case work approaches that were grounded in psychodynamic theory (Watson, et al, 2002, p 96). Both methods additionally focus on brief and short term interventions. They are connected to learning theory and based upon problem solving ideas (Watson, et al, 2002, p 96). Both these approaches call upon social workers to engage in participative and joint activity with service users, first to assess and analyse problems and their causes and then take action to deal with such problems (Sandoval, 2002, p 63). The application of these methods thus calls for the use of the person centred theory, the need to place the service user at the centre of the issue and the urgency of viewing the issue from his or her perspective (Sandoval, 2002, p 63). Social workers need to be very good listeners in order to be able to locate the real issues that are troubling service users and thereafter be able to help them with measures to tackle their difficulties (Sandoval, 2002, p 63). Like other social work methods, the task centred approach does have its limitations. It is in the first instance predicated upon the rationality of service users and their willingness to work with social workers (Nash, et al, 2005, p 53). It is also difficult to apply it without appropriate agency support. Despite such limitations the two approaches continue to be very useful, especially because of their instrumentality in increasing empowerment and their integral anti-oppressive approach (Nash, et al, 2005, p 53). The methods increase the abilities of service users through the inculcation of new skills and allow them to deal, not just with their current situations but with future circumstances of difficulty and oppression (Nash, et al, 2005, p 53). Conclusions Social work practice is influenced by many factors that require the taking account of the perspectives of service users, social workers, agencies and society. The approach of individual workers is bound to be influenced by numerous factors that can leave them confused and looking for guidance in their task of assisting service users in difficulties. The task centred approach and the crisis intervention theory provide useful tools to service users to assess the true conditions of service users, participate with them in structured, time bound and joint resolution of problems and empower them to face and overcome oppression. Social workers do however need to understand the implications of these theories and refrain from labeling their actions in all difficult situations to be task centred or critical intervention in nature. The true understanding of the potential and use of these theories will help them significantly in their practice scenarios.